The resident of Candiac, a suburb south of Montreal, is accused of obtaining trade secrets, unauthorised use of a computer, breach of trust by a public officer and fraud for obtaining trade secrets.
The crimes allegedly occurred between February 2018 and October 2022.
A company statement said that Mr Wang worked on batteries for the utility's Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), which develops technology for electric vehicles.
RCMP Inspector David Beaudoin said that Mr Wang used his position at Hydro-Quebec to conduct research for a Chinese university and other researcher centres.
He allegedly published scientific articles and submitted patents in "association this foreign actor rather than with Hydro-Quebec", he said.
An investigation was launched into Mr Wang in August 2022 after the company's internal security branch filed a complaint.
魁北克华人博士涉嫌为中国当间谍被捕